Technically yes, as long as it is a canister that’s certified to EN 417 with an 80% isobutane / 20% propane mix. But we don’t recommend it. MSR recommends only using MSR IsoPro™ fuel with our stoves—because our stoves are specifically designed and tuned for it and thus will perform better. However, if MSR fuel is not available, any canister with an 80% isobutane / 20% propane fuel mix and certified to EN 417 should work. We cannot make any guarantees to the quality of the fuel or the performance of your stove while using it though.
You cannot use an additional adapter to use a different type of fuel or cannister type. Only the standard lightweight backpacking cannisters will work. The threads are roughly 3/8" or about 6 mm in diameter.